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                <term xml:lang="en">political parties</term>
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              <p>The literature on political parties is dominated by the question of their loss of legitimacy and social anchorage. Without denying the discredit, which is translated in particular by the emergence of new forms of electoral enterprises, this introduction argues for a shift from the question of discredit to that of discretion. This shift allows avoiding considering discredit as a totally new and univocal phenomenon and to conceive of political parties as only passive actors of these processes. The question of partisan discretion allows first of all to question the way in which the leaders and activists of these new political enterprises, but also of established parties, deal with the rather radical forms of discredit that they produce or suffer. It also allows, by questioning the forms taken by partisan discretion in the past and nowadays, to underline those discrete strategies also characterize a great variety of situations (risk of repression, electoral strategies of citizen relegitimization, displays modulated according to social compromises…) and often concern territories where the domination of the parties is well established. Recontextualized, discretion thus appears not only as the standard form of modern “professional” politics, but also as a set of tactics and strategies that result from the tension that runs through any party, caught between its insides and its outsides.</p>
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              <p>La littérature sur les partis politiques est dominée par la question de leur perte de légitimité et d’ancrage social. Sans nier le discrédit dont ils sont l’objet et qui se traduit notamment par l’émergence de nouvelles formes d’entreprises électorales, cet article introductif plaide pour un glissement de la question du discrédit vers celle de la discrétion, glissement qui permet à la fois d’éviter de considérer le discrédit comme un phénomène nouveau et univoque et de concevoir les partis comme passifs à son égard. La question de la discrétion partisane permet d’abord d’interroger la façon dont les responsables et les militants de ces nouvelles entreprises politiques mais aussi des partis installés s’arrangent avec les formes contemporaines de discrédit assez radical qu’ils co-produisent ou qu’ils subissent. Elle permet aussi, en s’interrogeant sur les formes prises par la discrétion partisane hier et aujourd’hui, de souligner que les stratégies discrètes caractérisent également une grande variété de situations (risques de répression, désarmement de la critique adverse, affichages modulés en fonction de compromis sociaux…) et concernent souvent des territoires où la domination des partis est bien établie. Recontextualisée, la discrétion n’apparaît pas seulement comme la forme standard de la politique « professionnelle » contemporaine, mais comme un ensemble de tactiques et de stratégies qui résultent de la tension qui traverse tout parti, pris entre son ou ses dedans et ses dehors.</p>
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