From CO2 and H2 to Sustainable Aviation Fuel – TAKE-OFF
Résumé
Sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) is technological, economical, andin terms of the time demand for implementationtemporal, essential for the aviation industry to meet the net zero GHG target. As a "drop-in" fuel SAF allows to use the existing aircraft fleet and fuel infrastructure. When produced from renewable feedstocks SAF can offer a lower carbon footprint than fossil-based aviation fuels through their entire life cycle. Additionally, it is substituting fossil-based kerosene, including its upstream production chainoil extraction, and refining processes. The climate effect is maximised when a renewable power-based e-Fuel is produced from green power, green hydrogen, and green CO2. Launched in 2021, the EU project TAKE-OFF (Production of synthetic renewable aviation fuel from CO2 and H2) has demonstrated and evaluated all parts of the thermo-chemical Power-to-SAF production chain with pilot plant testing, laboratory work, technical, economic, and environmental analysis. The TAKE-OFF route consists of capturing CO₂ from industrial flue gas or air, which reacts with hydrogen produced by electrolysis to create directly light olefins, or indirectly via the intermediates methanol and dimethyl ether. The light olefins are subsequently chemically upgraded into SAF with innovative catalysts to target a higher energy efficiency and a better carbon conversion rate for jet fuel product than the current benchmark, i.e. the Fischer-Tropsch process. The physical, chemical, and combustion properties of the produced SAF samples have been studied in detail to evaluate the readiness of TAKE-OFF products for use in aviation.
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